Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Ultrasound-responsive CPS piezoelectric hydrogel synergistically repairs annulus fibrosus defects through immune reprogramming and cell recruitment

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102825

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessment of the anti-inflammatory capacity of CPS gel in vitro . A Schematic of the co-culture of hydrogel with RAW 264.7. B Quantification of the relative fluorescence intensity of TNF-α. C Quantification of the relative fluorescence intensity of IL-1β. D Immunofluorescence image of TNF-α expression in RAW 264.7 (Scale bar = 50 μm). E Immunofluorescence image of IL-1β expression in RAW 264.7 (Scale bar = 50 μm). F-H The protein expression level of TNF-α and IL-1β was evaluated by WB and quantified by ImageJ. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Staining was performed using IL-1β (Bioss, BS-0812R) and TNF-α (Santa, SC-52746) probes, and the staining was observed under a fluorescent inverted microscope.

Techniques: In Vitro, Co-Culture Assay, Fluorescence, Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Ultrasound-responsive CPS piezoelectric hydrogel synergistically repairs annulus fibrosus defects through immune reprogramming and cell recruitment

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102825

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo study of CPS gel for AF repair. A H&E, S&O staining sections of rat IVD at 4W and 8W post-operation (scale bar = 1 mm). B Col-1, IL-1β IHC staining sections of rat IVD at 4W and 8W post-operation (Scale bar = 50 μm). C Postoperative 4W Col-1 quantitative analysis. D Postoperative 8W Col-1 quantitative analysis. E. Postoperative 4W IL-1β quantitative analysis. F Postoperative 8W IL-1β quantitative analysis. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Staining was performed using IL-1β (Bioss, BS-0812R) and TNF-α (Santa, SC-52746) probes, and the staining was observed under a fluorescent inverted microscope.

Techniques: In Vivo, Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bacteria-responsive DNAgel system for targeted delivery of photothermally enhanced MXene/MoS 2 in the treatment of pyogenic osteomyelitis

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.10.023

Figure Lengend Snippet: MXMoS 2 activates Wnt signaling pathways to promote osteogenic differentiation and enhance bone regeneration. (A) GO pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between the experimental and control groups. (B) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between the experimental and control groups. (C) Heatmap of inflammation-related gene expression. (D) GSEA of GO analysis in the experimental and control groups, demonstrating pathways such as osteoblast differentiation, regulation of macrophage activation, cell adhesion, positive regulation of cell migration,cell-cell junction. (E) PPI analyses identifying four distinct gene clusters (modules). (F) Bubble chart showed the various network topology metrics for the 4 modules weighted and quantified to obtain an overall score. (G) GO analysis of the genes in module 2 showed that they are associated with osteoblast differentiation and the Wnt signaling pathway. (H) Box plot of representative Wnt signaling pathway genes significantly upregulated in the MXMoS 2 group. (I) The six genes mentioned above were predicted for their upstream transcription factor regulation. (J) Schematic illustration of the mechanism of MXMoS 2 regulating macrophage polarization. (K) Representative Western blot images of WNT4 and β-Catenin expression in control group (LPS), MXMoS 2 group (LPS + MXMoS 2 ) and MXMoS 2 +siRNA group (LPS + MXMoS 2 +siRNA-WNT4). (L – M) Quantification of WNT4 and β-Catenin protein levels corresponding to (K) . ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies for immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence staining—including ARG1 and iNOS, TRAP, β-Catenin, OCN and WNT4—were obtained from Proteintech (China).

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Control, Gene Expression, Activation Assay, Migration, Western Blot, Expressing